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Passage 1

Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that

were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the

Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to

Line show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.

(5) Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of

buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to

interpret architectural manuals imported from England. Inventories of colonial libraries

show an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders, and the houses erected

during the eighteenth century show their influence. Nevertheless, most domestic

(10) architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide

divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.

Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted in

houses of improved design. whether the material was wood, stone, or brick. New

England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other

(15) towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A

few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent

areas was stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use of brick in houses and

outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most

popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in

(20) closely packed Charleston. Wooden houses were much more common than brick

houses.

Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over their

predecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes

replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and

(25) more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of

plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately paneled. White paint began to take the place of

blues, yellows, greens. and lead colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier

years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to

appear in colonial newspapers.

32. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses

(B) A comparison of eighteenth-century houses and modern houses

(C) The decorations used in eighteenth-century houses

(D) The role of carpenters in building eighteenth-century houses

33. What was one of the main reasons for the change in architectural style in eighteenth-century North America?

(A) More architects arrived in the colonies.

(B) The colonists developed an interest in classical architecture.

(C) Bricks were more readily available.

(D) The colonists had more money to spend on housing.

34. According to the passage, who was responsible for designing houses in eighteenth-century North America?

(A) Professional architects

(B) Customers

(C) Interior decorators

(D) Carpenters

35. The passage implies that the rules outlined in architectural manuals were

(A) generally ignored

(B) legally binding

(C) not strictly adhered to

(D) only followed by older builders

36. The word "divergence" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) description

(B) development

(C) difference

(D) display

37. The word "durable" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) attractive

(B) expensive

(C) refined

(D) long-lasting

38. Where was stone commonly used to build houses?

(A) Virginia

(B) Pennsylvania

(C) Boston

(D) Charleston

39. The word "dwelling" in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) houses

(B) towns

(C) outbuildings

(D) rural areas

40. The word "predecessors" in line 23 refers to

(A) colonists who arrived in North America in the seventeenth century

(B) houses constructed before the eighteenth century

(C) interior improvements

(D) wooden houses in Charleston

41. The author mentions elaborately paneled walls in line 26 as an example of

(A) how the interior design of colonial houses was improved

(B) why walls were made of wood or plaster

(C) how walls were made stronger in the eighteenth century

(D) what kind of wood was used for walls after 1730

42. The word "elaborately" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) done in great detail

(B) put together carefully

(C) using many colors

(D) reinforced structurally

43. What does the author imply about the use of wallpaper before 1730?

(A) Wallpaper samples appeared in the architectural manuals.

(B) Wallpaper was the same color as the wall paints used.

(C) Patterned wallpaper was not widely used.

(D) Wallpaper was not used in stone houses.

44. Where in the passage does the author give a reason why brick was the preferred material for houses in some urban areas?

(A) Lines 9-11

(B) Lines 13-15

(C) Lines 17-19

(D) Lines 23-24

Passage 2

Bloodhounds are biologically adapted to trailing their prey. The process by which

the nose recognizes an odor is not fully understood, but there are apparently specific

receptor sites for specific odors. In one explanation, recognition occurs when a scent

molecule fits into its corresponding receptor site, like a key into a lock, causing a

(Line5) mechanical or chemical change in the cell. Bloodhounds apparently have denser

concentrations of receptor sites tuned to human scents.

When a bloodhound trails a human being, what does it actually smell? The human

body, which consists of about 60 trillion living cells, sheds exposed skin at a rate of 50

million cells a day. So even a trail that has been dispersed by breezes may still seem

(Line10) rich to a bloodhound. The body also produces about 31 to 50 ounces of sweat a day.

Neither this fluid nor the shed skin cells have much odor by themselves, but the

bacteria working on both substances is another matter. One microbiologist estimates

the resident bacteria population of a clean square centimeter of skin on the human

shoulder at "multiples of a million." As they go about their daily business breaking

(Line15) down lipids, or fatty substances, on the skin, these bacteria release volatile

substances that usually strike the bloodhound's nose as an entire constellation of

distinctive scents.

45. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Why people choose bloodhounds for

household pets

(B) How a bloodhound's sense of smell works

(C) How humans compensate for an

underdeveloped sense of smell

(D) The way in which bacteria work on skin cells

and body sweat

46. The author compares a scent molecule with a

(A) key

(B) lock

(C) cell

(D) bloodhound

47. In line 7, the word "it" refers to

(A) bloodhound

(B) human being

(C) smell

(D) body

48. According to the passage, how many cells of

skin does the human body rid itself of every day?

(A) 60 trillion

(B) 50 million

(C) 1 million

(D) Between 31 and 50

49. In line 10, the word "rich" is used to mean that a

trail is

(A) paved with precious materials

(B) a profitable business to get into

(C) a very costly undertaking

(D) filled with an abundance of clues

50. Which of the following acts as a stimulus in the

production of the human scent?

(A) Sweat

(B) Dead skin cells

(C) Bacteria

(D) Fatty substances

Example one : 95年8月的最后一篇文章：

Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when

the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be

demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.

Civil government also had to be put back on a peacetime basis and interference from

(5) the military had to be stopped.

The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be

undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly. Industries had to adjust to

peacetime conditions: factories had to be retooled for civilian needs.

Financial problems loomed large in both the North and the South. The national debt

(10) had shot up from a modest $565 million in 1861, the year the war started, to nearly $3

billion in 1865, the year the war ended. This was a colossal sum for those days but one

that a prudent government could pay. At the same time, war taxes had to be reduced to

less burdensome levels.

Physical devastation caused by invading armies, chiefly in the South and border

(15) states, had to be repaired. This herculean task was ultimately completed, but with

discouraging slowness.

Other important questions needed answering. What would be the future of the four

million black people who were freed from slavery? On what basis were the Southern

states to be brought back into the Union?

(20) What of the Southern leaders, all of whom were liable to charges of treason? One

of these leaders. Jefferson Davis, president of the Southern Confederacy, was the

subject of an insulting popular Northern song, "Hang Jeff Davis from a Sour Apple

Tree." and even children sang it. Davis was temporarily chained in his prison cell

during the early days of his two-year imprisonment. But he and the other Southern

(25) leaders were finally released, partly because it was unlikely that a jury from Virginia, a

Southern Confederate state, would convict them. All the leaders were finally pardoned

by President Johnson in1868 in an effort to help reconstruction efforts proceed with as

little bitterness as possible.

41. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Wartime expenditures

(B) Problems facing the United States after the

war

(C) Methods of repairing the damage caused by

the war

(D) The results of government efforts to revive

the economy

42. The word "Staggering" in line 1 is closest in

meaning to

(A) specialized

(B) confusing

(C) various

(D) overwhelming

43. The word "devastated" in line 3 is closest in

meaning to

(A) developing

(B) ruined

(C) complicated

(D) fragile

44. According to the passage, which of the following

statements about the damage in the South

is correct?

(A) It was worse than in the North.

(B) The cost was less than expected.

(C) It was centered in the border states.

(D) It was remedied rather quickly.

45. The passage refers to all of the following as

necessary steps following the Civil War EXCEPT

(A) helping soldiers readjust

(B) restructuring industry

(C) returning government to normal

(D) increasing taxes

46. The word "task" in line 15 refers to

(A) raising the tax level

(B) sensible financial choices

(C) wise decisions about former slaves

(D) reconstruction of damaged areas

47. Why does the author mention a popular song

in lines 22-23

(A) To give an example of a Northern attitude

towards the South

(B) To illustrate the Northern love of music

(C) To emphasize the cultural differences between

the North and the South

(D) To compare the Northern and Southern

presidents

48. The word "them" in line 26 refers to

(A) charges

(B) leaders

(C) days

(D) irons

49. Which of the following can be inferred from the

phrase "…it was unlikely that a jury from

Virginia, a Southern Confederate state, would

convict them" (lines 25-26)?

(A) Virginians felt betrayed by Jefferson Davis.

(B) A popular song insulted Virginia.

(C) Virginians were loyal to their leaders.

(D) All of the Virginia military leaders had been

put in chains.

50. It can be inferred from the passage that President

Johnson pardoned the Southern leaders in order to

(A) raise money for the North

(B) repair the physical damage in the South

(C) prevent Northern leaders from punishing more

Southerners

(D) help the nation recover from the war

Example two:

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one

most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.

The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed

the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they

(5) sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those

measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated

until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or

veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but

the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.

(10) Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites

contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost

always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and

when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made

between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers,

(15) and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment

of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they

often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired

effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor

might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious

(20)activities.

Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.

According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually

elaborated at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator

and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely

(25) related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and

gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.

31. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The origins of theater

(B) The role of ritual in modern dance

(C) The importance of storytelling

(D) The variety of early religious activities

32. The word "they" in line 4 refers to

(A) seasonal changes

(B) natural forces

(C) theories

(D) human beings

33. What aspect of drama does the author discuss in

the first paragraph?

(A) The reason drama is often unpredictable

(B) The seasons in which dramas were performed

(C) The connection between myths and dramatic

plots

(D) The importance of costumes in early drama

34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as

a common element of theater and ritual?

(A) Dance

(B) Costumes

(C) Music

(D) Magic

35. The word "considerable" in line 15 is closest in

meaning to

(A) thoughtful

(B) substantial

(C) relational

(D) ceremonial

36. The word "enactment" in line 15 is closest in

meaning to

(A) establishment

(B) performance

(C) authorization

(D) season

37. The word "they" in line 16 refers to

(A) mistakes

(B) costumes

(C) animals

(D) performers

38. According to the passage, what is the main

difference between ritual and drama?

(A) Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.

(B) Ritual is shorter than drama.

(C) Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.

(D) Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does

not.

39. The passage supports which of the following

statements?

(A) No one really knows how the theater began.

(B) Myths are no longer represented dramatically.

(C) Storytelling is an important part of dance.

(D) Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.

40. Where in the passage does the author discuss the

separation of the stage and the audience?

(A) Lines 8-9

(B) Lines 12-14

(C) Lines 19-20

(D) Lines 22-24

Example three: (95.10)

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in

three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land

uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of

unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter

(5) trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more

distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the

borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of

the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who would afford it could live far

removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and

(10) entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every

major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now

know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new

residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in

outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city

(15) limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities

of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the

Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million

people.

Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of

(20) subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses

underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass

transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by

thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future

land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes,

(25) particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class

inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it.

Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded

much faster than population growth.

14. With which of the following subjects is the

passage mainly concerned?

(A) Types of mass transportation

(B) Instability of urban life

(C) How supply and demand determine land use

(D) The effects of mass transportation on urban

expansion

15. The author mentions all of the following as effects

of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT

(A) growth in city area

(B) separation of commercial and residential

districts

(C) changes in life in the inner city

(D) increasing standards of living

16. The word "vast" in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) large

(B) basic

(C) new

(D) urban

17. The word "sparked" in line 11 is closest in

meaning to

(A) brought about

(B) surrounded

(C) sent out

(D) followed

18. Why does the author mention both Boston and

Chicago?

(A) To demonstrate positive and negative effects

of growth

(B) To show that mass transit changed many cities

(C) To exemplify cities with and without mass

transportation

(D) To contrast their rates of growth

19. The word "potential" in line 16 is closest in

meaning to

(A) certain

(B) popular

(C) improved

(D) possible

20. The word "many" in line 19 refers to

(A) people

(B) lots

(C) years

(D) developers

21. According to the passage, what was one

disadvantage of residential expansion?

(A) It was expensive.

(B) It happened too slowly.

(C) It was unplanned.

(D) It created a demand for public transportation.

22. The author mentions Chicago in the second

paragraph as an example of a city

(A) that is large

(B) that is used as a model for land development

(C) where land development exceeded population

growth

(D) with an excellent mass transportation system

Example four:

Another early Native American tribe in what is now the southwestern part of the

United States was the Anasazi. By A. D. 800 the Anasazi Indians were constructing

multistory pueblos-massive, stone apartment compounds. Each one was virtually a

stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word

(5) for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At

least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in

northwest New Mexico. They were built with masonry walls more than a meter thick

and adjoining apartments to accommodate dozens, even hundreds, of families. The

largest, later named Pueblo Bonito (Pretty Town) by the Spanish, rose in five terraced

(10) stories, contained more than 800 rooms, and could have housed a population of 1,000

or more.

Besides living quarters, each pueblo included one or more kivas-circular

underground chambers faced with stone. They functioned as sanctuaries where the

elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart

(15) tribal lore to the younger generation. Some kivas were enormous. Of the 30 or so at

Pueblo Bonito, two measured 20 meters across. They contained niches for ceremonial

objects, a central fire pit, and holes in the floor for communicating with the spirits of

tribal ancestors.

Each pueblo represented an astonishing amount of well-organized labor. Using only

(20)stone and wood tools, and without benefit of wheels or draft animals, the builders

quarried ton upon ton of sandstone from the canyon walls, cut it into small blocks,

hauled the blocks to the construction site, and fitted them together with mud mortar.

Roof beams of pine or fir had to be carried from logging areas in the mountain forests

many kilometers away. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the

(25) surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone

staircases for ascending cliff faces. In time, the roads reached out to more than

80 satellite villages within a 60-kilometer radius.

1. The paragraph preceding the passage most

probably discussed

(A) how pueblos were built

(B) another Native American tribe

(C) Anasazi crafts and weapons

(D) pueblo villages in New Mexico

2. What is the main topic of the passage?

(A) The Anasazi pueblos

(B) Anasazi festivals of New Mexico

(C) The organization of the Anasazi tribe

(D) The use of Anasazi sanctuaries

3. The word "supreme " in line 5 is closest in

meaning to

(A) most common

(B) most outstanding

(C) most expensive

(D) most convenient

4. The word "They" in line 7 refers to

(A) houses

(B) bluffs

(C) walls

(D) families

5. The author mentions that Pueblo bonito had

more than 800 rooms as an example of which

of the following?

(A) How overcrowded the pueblos could be

(B) How many ceremonial areas it contained

(C) Hoe much sandstone was needed to build it

(D) How big a pueblo could be

6. The word "settle" in line 14 is closest in meaning

to

(A) sink

(B) decide

(C) clarify

(D) locate

7. It can be inferred from the passage that building a

pueblo probably

(A) required many workers

(B) cost a lot of money

(C) involved the use of farm animals

(D) relied on sophisticated technology

8. The word "ascending" in line 26 is closest in

meaning to

(A) arriving at

(B) carving

(C) connecting

(D) climbing

9. It can be inferred from the passage that in addition

to pueblos the Anasazis were skilled at building

which of the following?

(A) Roads

(B) Barns

(C) Monuments

(D) Water systems

10. The pueblos are considered one of the Anasazis'

supreme achievements for all of the following

reasons EXCEPT that they were

(A) very large

(B) located in forests

(C) built with simple tools

(D) connected in a systematic way

Example five:

The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array of free public services that are essential for

the support of civilizations. They maintain the quality of the atmosphere, provide food from

the sea, manufacture and replenish soils, recycle wastes and nutrients, control the

overwhelming majority of crop pests and disease vectors, and so on. People have no idea

(5) how to take over these activities satisfactorily. They do know, however, that the theory once

advanced in the nineteenth century-that the productivity of the land can be infinitely

increased by the application of capital, labor, and science-is wrong. History has shown

that once the natural life-support systems of a civilization have been sufficiently damaged,

they cannot usually be repaired. The ancient deforestation and overgrazing of the

(10) Mediterranean region is a famous example. And today, a global civilization is ruining the

global environment.

43. What is the main topic of this passage?

(A) Free public services

(B) Support needed for civilizations

(C) The value of ecosystems

(D) The vastness of the Earth

44. The word "array" in line 1 is closest in meaning

to

(A) large number

(B) excess

(C) requirement

(D) model

45. The word "They" in line 2 refers to

(A) ecosystems

(B) civilizations

(C) sea

(D) people

46. Which of the following could NOT be included

under the "free public services" listed in lines 2-

4?

(A) Preventing overgrazing by domestic animals

(B) Providing natural enemies for harmful

insects

(C) Creating and enriching material for plant

growth

(D) Supplying air for breathing

47. The word "advanced" in line 6 is closest in

meaning to

(A) debated

(B) ignored

(C) proved

(D) proposed

48. The author mentions the Mediterranean region

as an example of

(A) the ability of nature to remedy human

destruction

(B) the ability of people to make use of natural

resources

(C) the manner in which people replenish the

environment

(D) the effects of human abuse of natural

resources

49. The author suggests that civilizations can

survive only if they

(A) greatly expand scientific research

(B) do not destroy the balance of natural

processes

(C) replant the forests in the Mediterranean

region

(D) invent new procedures to replace obsolete

ecosystems

50. The author suggests that the difference between

the ancient and the modern situation is that

today the problem is

(A) worldwide

(B) better understood

(C) more manageable

(D) economic

KEYS：

Passage 1: ADDCC DBABA ACB

Passage 2: BAABDC

Example 1: BDABC ADACB

Example 2: ADCDB BDDAB

Example 3: DDAAB DBCC

Example 4: BABAD BADAB

Example 5: CAAAD DBA